4. Set Configurations

I used a .env file to store configuration values. To load them into the application, I’m using BaseSettings from the pydantic_settings package.

Here’s an sample .env file used to configure the PostgreSQL database connection:

POSTGRES_HOST=localhost
POSTGRES_PORT=5432
POSTGRES_USER=myuser
POSTGRES_PASSWORD=secret
POSTGRES_DB=cryptobot

1. Settings

pydantic_settings.BaseSettings is an extended version of Pydantic’s model designed for managing environment variables.
It’s commonly used in Python backend frameworks like FastAPI to load and validate environment variables.

First, I created a Settings class to handle PostgreSQL connection configuration:

from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings

class Settings(BaseSettings):
    ...
    POSTGRES_HOST: str
    POSTGRES_PORT: int
    POSTGRES_USER: str
    POSTGRES_PASSWORD: str
    POSTGRES_DB: str
    ...

Next, I added a property method to easily build the PostgreSQL connection URL:

class Settings(BaseSettings):
    ...

    @property
    def db_url(self):
        return f"postgresql://{self.POSTGRES_USER}:{self.POSTGRES_PASSWORD}@{self.POSTGRES_HOST}:{self.POSTGRES_PORT}/{self.POSTGRES_DB}"

With this method, I can easily access the full PostgreSQL URL wherever it’s needed in this application.

To create an instance of the Settings class, I added the following code below the class definition:
```
class Settings(BaseSettings):
    ...

settings = Settings()
```
Once initialized, the configuration values can be accessed anywhere in the application like this:
```
from app.core.config import settings

settings.db_url
```